Transmission Control Protocol User Datagram Protocol | |||||||||||||||
A connection between two computers uses a socket. A socket is the combination of IP address plus port. Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) |
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= Noteworthy |
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= File Transfer |
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= Encrypted/SSL |
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= Remote Access |
PORT | SERVICE | DESCRIPTION | TCP | UDP | SCTP | NOTES | |
7 | ECHO | Echo | TCP | UDP | Server sends back an identical copy of the data it received |
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20,21 | FTP | File Transport Protocol ⦁ 20 for data transfer ⦁ 21 for control commands |
TCP | UDP | SCTP | Provides the ability to easily relocate files from one system to another |
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22 | SSH | Secure Shell | TCP | UDP | SCTP | Uses a cryptographic (encrypted) protocols operating securely over an unsecured network in a client-server architecture |
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SFTP | Secure File | TCP | SCTP | ||||
SCP | Secure Copy | TCP | UDP | SCTP | |||
23 | Telnet | Telnet protocol - unencrypted text communications |
TCP | UDP | Connect to routers (TCP); designed to provide a bi- directional connection with other devices (UDP) |
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25 | SMTP | Simple Mail Transport Protocol | TCP | Mail relay - used for sending email | |||
37 | Time | Provides remote timing stats of internal processing events |
TCP | UDP | Security Concerns: Gives remote attacker info on hosts internal processing load |
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43 | WhoIs | WHOIS directory service | TCP | UDP | nicname | ||
47 | GRE | Generic Routing Encapsulation | ? | UDP | Cisco tunneling protocol encapsulating protocols inside virtual point-to-point links over an IP network |
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49 | TACACS | Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System |
TCP | UDP | Login Host protocol (AAA) | ||
TACACS+ | Encrypts the full content of each packet | TCP | TACACS+ and RADIUS have generally replaced TACACS (AAA) Proprietary - CISCO |
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53 | DNS | Domain Name System | TCP | UDP | Dangerous poisoning - attacks TCP for Zone Transfers - UDP for Queries |
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67 | DHCP | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (BOOTPS) - server ~ issues lease times/reservations |
UDP | Issues automatic IP services; Uses DORA = Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge ~ If DHCP unavailable, Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) used - 169.254.x.y |
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68 | DHCP | (BOOTPC) - client | UDP | ||||
69 | TFTP | Trivial File Transport Protocol | UDP | File transfer without the session establishment | |||
80 | HTTP | Hypertext Transfer Protocol | TCP | SCTP | Main protocol that is used by web browsers | ||
88 | KERBEROS | A three-headed dog who guarded the gates of Hades. Represents a client, a server, and a Key |
TCP | UDP | Authenticating agent, time stamped. Uses secret-key asymmetric cryptography to authenticate client-server applications. |
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110 | POP3 | Post Office Protocol version 3 | TCP | Basic email retrieval; Make sure to set "save on server," - not default setting, - deletes off server once downloaded |
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119 | NNTP | Network News Transfer Protocol | TCP | UDP | For the USENET discussion system | ||
123 | NTP | Network Time Protocol | UDP | Synchronized down to the milisecond with U.S. Naval Observatory clocks |
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137 | NETBIOS | Network Basic Input/Output System | UDP | Naming service. Allows applications on different computers to communicate within a local area network (LAN) |
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138 | NETBIOS | (NetBIOS) datagram service | UDP | ||||
139 | NETBIOS | NetBIOS session service | TCP | ||||
143 | IMAP4 | Internet message access protocol ver. 4 | TCP | Recieving mail - Multiple client use | |||
156 | SQL Server | sqlsrv | TCP | UDP | SQL Service | ||
161 | SNMP |
Simple Network Management Protocol SNMPv3 1st to encyrpt |
UDP | Monitors information to best change device behavior; cable modems, routers, switches, servers, workstations, printers, etc., uptime, model #, insecure by default |
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162 | SNMP Trap | Simple Network Management Protocol Trap | TCP | UDP | Collection of informantion Triggers alerts when thresholds are met |
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194 | IRC | Internet Relay Chat | TCP | Designed for group communication in discussion forums, called channels |
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201 | Apple Talk | AppleTalk Routing Maintenance | TCP | UDP | X | ||
389 | LDAP | Lightweight Directory Access Protocol | TCP | UDP | Remote connections, accesses and maintains distributed hierachical directory information |
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427 | SLP | Service Location Protocol | TCP | UDP | Application = svrloc | ||
443 | HTTPS | Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure | TCP | SCTP | Uses SSL, Secure Sockets Layer encryption | ||
SSL VPN | Secure Sockets Layer virtual private network (SSTP) |
TCP | SCTP | Uses SSL/TLS | |||
445 | SMB | Service Message Block | TCP | Microsoft-DS Over TCP/IP - Printers CIFS (Common Internet File System) (NetBIOS-less) |
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464 | KPASSWD | Kerberos password and key changing services |
TCP | UDP | X | ||
465 | SMTPS | Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Secured | TCP | UDP | SMTP over SSL - should no longer be used | ||
500 | IPSEC | IP Security | TCP | UDP | ISAKMP / IKE - Internet Key Exchange | ||
514 | SYSLOG | Standard for message logging | UDP | Capture all IDs logs | |||
520 | RIP | Routing Information Protocol | UDP | Used to advertise routing information among routers and communicate optimal paths |
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546 | DHCPv6 | DHCPv6 - client | TCP | UDP | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol | ||
547 | DHCPv6 | DHCPv6 - server | TCP | UDP | |||
548 | AFP | Apple Filing Protocol | TCP | UDP | AFP over TCP | ||
569 | MSN | ms-rome | TCP | UDP | Microsoft Rome Game Port | ||
587 | SMTPS | Message Submission | TCP | UDP | Default Mail Message Submission Agent (MSA) Uses TLS encryption |
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636 | LDAPS | Secure LDAP | TCP | UDP | LDAP over SSL | ||
989,990 | FTPS | ⦁ 989 = (data) over TLS/SSL ⦁ 990 = (control) over TLS/SSL |
TCP | UDP | over SSL or TLS | ||
992 | TELNETS | Bi-directional communications, Secured | TCP | UDP | End-to-end communications after SSL/TLS is set up; user's data sent bi-directionally |
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993 | IMAPS | Internet Message Access Protocol Secured |
TCP | UDP | Encypted over SSL/TLS | ||
995 | POP3S | Connect using POP3 securely | TCP | Over Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) -TLS | |||
1433 | MS SQL | Microsoft Structured Query Language | TCP | Standard for database manipulation | |||
1434 | MS SQL | Microsoft Structured Query Language | UDP | ||||
1701 | L2TP | Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol | UDP | Requires public key/utilizes IPSec May be blocked by NAT |
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1720 | H.323 | H.323 call setup | TCP | UDP | Voice over IP (VoIP) signaling, one of the earliest used |
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1723 | PPTP | Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol | TCP | UDP | One of the oldest VPN protocals - Does not use certificates |
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1812 | RADIUS | Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service ~ Encrypts only the password |
UDP | Old technology, AAA dial up for Authentication Authorize Accounting |
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1813 | RADIUS-ACCT | UDP | |||||
2049 | NFS | Network File System | TCP | UDP | SCTP | Used by UNIX clients for file access | |
2427 | MGCP | Media Gateway Control Protocol | TCP | UDP | X?? | ||
2727 | MGCP | Media Gateway Control Protocol | TCP | UDP | Callagent | ||
3389 | RDP | Remote Desktop Protocol | TCP | Remote Desktop | |||
5004 | RTP | Real-Time Transport Protocol | UDP | dccp | VoIP and/or video apps | ||
5005 | RTP | RTP control Protocol | TCP | UDP | dccp | VoIP and/or video apps | |
5060 | SIP | Session Initiation Protocol | TCP | UDP | SCTP | VoIP and/or video apps unencrypted signaling traffic (RTP) |
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5061 | SIP | Session Initiation Protocol | TCP | SCTP | VoIP and/or video apps encrypted traffic (SRTP) |
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5900 | VNC | Virtual Network Computing | TCP | ? | Client/server graphical desktop sharing system that uses the Remote Frame Buffer protocol (RFB) to remotely control another computer |
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9100 | JETDIRECT | Allows computer printers to be directly attached to a LAN |
TCP | UDP | Printer on HP network printing service |
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33434 | Traceroute | Traceroute network tracking tool | TCP | UDP | |||
33435 | Traceroute | Mtrace-multicast traceroute | UDP | ||||
X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
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Class | Purpose | 1ST Octet Range |
Start / End Address | Number of Networks |
Hosts / Network |
CIDR |
Class A → | Very Large Networks | 1126 | 1.0.0.0 126.255.255.255 | 128 | 16,777,216 | /8 |
Class B → | Large Enterprise | 128191 | 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255 | 16,384 | 65,536 | /16 |
Class C → | Small Business | 192223 | 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255 | 2,097,152 | 256 | /24 |
Class D → | Multicast | 224239 | 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255 | IGRP Protocols | N/A | |
Class E → | Experimental | 240255 | 240.0.0.0 254.255.255.255 | Reserved | N/A |
A | B | C | D | E | |
┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━┻━━━━┛ | |||||
0 | 128 | 192 | 224 | 240 255 | |
Private IP Address Non-routable on Internet
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Masks | Networks | Addresses | ||||
/1 | /9 | /17 | /25 | 128 | 2 | 128 |
/2 | /10 | /18 | /26 | 192 | 4 | 64 |
/3 | /11 | /19 | /27 | 224 | 8 | 32 |
/4 | /12 | /20 | /28 | 240 | 16 | 16 |
/5 | /13 | /21 | /29 | 248 | 32 | 8 |
/6 | /14 | /22 | /30 | 252 | 64 | 4 |
/7 | /15 | /23 | /31 | 254 | 128 | 2 |
/8 | /16 | /24 | /32 | 255 | 256 | 1 |
Address | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
128 | 0 | 128 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
64 | 0 | 64 | 128 | 192 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
32 | 0 | 32 | 64 | 96 | 128 | 160 | 192 | 224 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | 0 | 16 | 32 | 48 | 64 | 80 | 96 | 112 | 128 | 144 | 160 | 176 | 192 | 208 | 224 | 240 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | 0 | 8 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 40 | 48 | 56 | 64 | 72 | 80 | 88 | 96 | 104 | 112 | 120 | 128 | 136 | 144 | 152 | 160 | 168 | 176 | 184 | 192 | 200 | 208 | 216 | 224 | 232 | 240 | 248 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 40 | 44 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 100 | 104 | 108 | 112 | 116 | 120 | 124 | 128 | 132 | 136 | 140 | 144 | 148 | 152 | 156 | 160 | 164 | 168 | 172 | 176 | 180 | 184 | 188 | 192 | 196 | 200 | 204 | 208 | 212 | 216 | 220 | 224 | 228 | 232 | 236 | 240 | 244 | 248 |
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IPv4/IPv6 Comparisons
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IPv4/IPv6 Special Addresses
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┃ ┏━━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━━━━┓ ┃ ┃ ┃
┏━━━━━━━━━━━┻━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃
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Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) Neighbor MAC Discovery = Replaces IPv4 ARP SLAAC = Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (≈ DHCP) DAD = Duplicate Address Detection RS = Router Solicitation ‒▶ FF02::2 RA = Router Advertisement ◀‒ FE80::(MAC) NS= Neighbor Solicitation ‒▶ 2001:88::(request for MAC) NA= Neighbor Advertisment ◀‒ 2001:88::(returns MAC) |
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