Encapsulation
|
OSI Model
|
TCP/IP Model
|
Hardware
|
Protocols/Applications
|
↑
Data Streams (Upper Layer Data) ↓
SDU ↓ (MTU = Max. Transfer Unit) |
7 |
Application |
Application |
Computer Device
Content Switch
Gateway
|
HTTPS,
TELNET,
SMTP,
POP3,
PGP,
IRC,
FTP↔
DHCP,
DNS🗊,
SNMP,
IPAM,
SIEM,
NNTP,
NTP,
IMAP4
SMB,
RDP,
VNC,
SSTP,
LDAP,
MGCP,
RTSP
SOAP,
SCAP
|
6 |
Presentation |
SSL,
TLS,
ASCII,
GIF,
MPEG,
JPEG,
MIME,
MIDI
WEP,
WPA,
WPA2,
WPA3,
Hash,
Kerberos,
ICA
TKIP,
PKI,
Data Compression,
Encryption / Decryption
|
5 |
Session |
iSNS,
NetBIOS,
Handshaking link,
Tunneling rules
API's,
SIP,
SAP,
SQL,
NFS,
RPC,
SOCKS,
SSH,
DLP
Load Balancers,
SSL Accelerator,
(Controls persistent connections)
|
TCP=Segment UDP=Datagram
(MTU=1500 bytes) |
4 |
Transport |
Transport |
TCP,
UDP,
DCCP,
NAC,
802.1x,
RTP,
SRTP,
WAF
SCTP,
IPX/SPX,
NBF,
NAS,
SAN,
iSCSI,
RADIUS,
TACACS+
AH,
ESP,
Defines Ports & directs Send/Resend,
Proxy Service
|
Packet
↑
PDU ↓ |
3 |
Network |
Internet |
Routers,
Firewalls,
UTM
Smart Switches,
VPNConcentrator
QoS,
(Logical addressing)
|
ACL,
IPSec,
EAP,
IGMP,
RIP,
RIPv2,
IGP,
EGP,
BGP,
DMZ☠
VPN,
BootP,
CARP,
OSPF,
MPLS,
VRRP,
EIGRP,
IS-IS,
WPS
IPv4,
IPv6,
NDP,
ARP,
APIPA,
NAT,PAT,
GRE,
ICMP,
PING,Tracert
|
Frame = 46 to 1500
Jumbo = 9000 bytes |
2 |
Data Link |
LLC |
Network Access |
Access Points(WAP),
WLC,
VMs
Switches,
Bridges,
WI-FI
NICs,
(Physical addressing)
|
RARP,
SLIP,
PPP,
PPTP,
L2TP,
VLAN,
VTP,
802.1q,
LWAPP
ATM,
CSMA/CD
(CA),
STP,
RSTP,
SPB,
IDS/IPS,
NIDS/HIDS
PAP,
CHAP,
FDDI,
PRI,
IEEE 802,
Ethernet,
MAC address
|
MAC |
Bits
(Transistors)
|
1 |
Physical |
RS-232,
Hub,
Repeater,
Converter,
UPS
MDF,
Coax/Fiber/Wireless,
Transceiver
CSU/DSU,
Connectors,
Modem,
PDU
|
PwrLn,
10XBase-X,
Token Ring,
USB,
RFID,
Bluetooth,
Infrared
EM,
Z-Wave,
Ant+,
NFC,
Antennas,
TDMA,
GSM,
CDMA
LTE,
1G,
4G,
5G,
DSL,
ISDN,
SONET/SDH,
Satellite
|
|